Patient Information
Renal (Kidney) Biopsy
A renal biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of kidney tissue is taken using a fine needle. This helps your doctor diagnose the cause of kidney problems and guide treatment.
Why the biopsy is done
A biopsy may be recommended to assess:
- Protein or blood in the urine
- Unexplained decline in kidney function
- Suspected inflammation or scarring
- Transplant kidney changes
Before the procedure
- You may need blood tests to check clotting.
- Tell your doctor about all medications, especially blood thinners.
- You may be asked to stop certain medicines before the biopsy.
- Do not eat or drink for a few hours beforehand (your doctor will advise).
During the biopsy
- The procedure is done under local anaesthetic.
- You will lie on your stomach (or back for transplant biopsies).
- Ultrasound is used to guide the needle.
- You may feel pressure but should not feel sharp pain.
- The procedure usually takes 20–30 minutes.
After the biopsy
- You will need to lie flat for several hours.
- Your blood pressure and urine will be monitored.
- Most patients go home the same day.
- Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activity, and sports for 5–7 days.
Possible risks
Complications are uncommon, but may include:
- Blood in the urine (usually settles within 24–48 hours)
- Pain or bruising at the biopsy site
- Rarely, heavier bleeding requiring treatment
If you experience increasing pain, dizziness, faintness, or persistent bright‑red urine, seek medical attention.
Results
Your doctor will discuss the biopsy findings once the pathology report is available, usually within 1–2 weeks.